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Forte de São Julião da Barra

É uma das mais importantes construções militares de Portugal

O Forte de São Julião da Barra é um monumento histórico e cultural localizado entre duas das principais praias da linha do Estoril, a praia da Torre e a praia de Carcavelos. Este forte tem uma longa história e é conhecido por sua arquitetura única e sua localização estratégica no rio Tejo.

Vista desde o mar sobre o Forte de S. Julião da Barra, com um céu azul e nuvens brancas

O Forte de São Julião é, certamente, a maior construção de defesa marítima existente em Portugal. No século XVI, durante o reinado de D. João III, iniciou-se a construção do Forte. Miguel Arruda é o responsável pela construção desta obra, sendo um dos mais famosos arquitetos da época.

Além disso, o Forte vem sendo ampliado ao longo dos séculos, graças à sua posição estratégica, considerada de grande importância para a defesa da entrada no Tejo. Desta forma, podia-se proteger a cidade de Lisboa de ataques inimigos feitos pelo mar.

Vista aérea do Forte de São Julião da Barra
Vista aérea do Forte de S. Julião da Barra

O Forte de São Julião e as suas finalidades

Logo após a missão militar de defesa, o Forte de S. Julião funcionou, a partir de 1802, como colégio de educação, destinado aos filhos dos militares do Regimento de Artilharia da Corte, ali instalado – a génese do Colégio Militar.

Tal como outras fortificações, também o Forte de São Julião da Barra serviu de prisão militar e política. Foi célebre o caso do General Gomes Freire de Andrade, que esteve detido em São Julião da Barra e foi executado no terreno anexo à fortificação.

Praia da Torre, com o Forte de S. Julião da Barra ao fundo
Praia da Torre e o Forte de S. Julião da Barra

Desativado da sua função defensiva em 1947, passou a ser utilizado, a partir de 1951, para novas funções de estado e de receção de eventos políticos. Aqui, além de outros, estiveram instalados o General Eisenhower e o Marechal Montgomery. Em julho de 1957, o forte recebeu a classificação de – Imóvel de Interesse Público – , estando atualmente sob a tutela do Ministério da Defesa Nacional.

Hoje em dia é a residência oficial do Ministro da Defesa de Portugal, ainda assim é um local onde ocorrem com regularidade iniciativas culturais.

Vale a pena descobrir a história protegida pelos fossos e baluartes, à entrada da cidade de Lisboa e desfrutar das impressionantes vistas panorâmicas para o Oceano Atlântico.

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