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Panteão Nacional

Igreja de Santa Engrácia

Quatrocentos anos de construção valeram o ditado popular “Obras de Santa Engrácia” ao monumento que é hoje Panteão Nacional.

Panteão Nacional visto desde o Tejo

O Panteão Nacional, também conhecido como Igreja de Santa Engrácia, é um dos principais pontos turísticos de Lisboa, situado no bairro de Alfama. É, sem dúvida, uma importante atração arquitetónica da cidade, com uma história rica e uma vista panorâmica deslumbrante.

A história do Panteão Nacional remonta ao século XVI, quando foi construído como uma igreja dedicada a Santa Engrácia. Ainda que o empenho da poderosa Irmandade dos Escravos do Santíssimo Sacramento constituída para erguer um majestoso templo, o arrojado projeto barroco, cuja construção teve início em 1682, permaneceu sem cobertura até ao início dos anos 60 do século XX. É nesta altura que o regime do Estado Novo decide terminar o edifício e adaptar o templo a Panteão Nacional, um espaço para homenagear personalidades importantes de Portugal.

Vista do Panteão Nacional desde o Mosteiro de S. Vicente de Fora
Panteão Nacional visto desde o Mosteiro de S. Vicente de Fora

O aspeto imponente e o carácter único da obra justificam a sua classificação como Monumento Nacional e legitimam a sua escolha para acolher os restos mortais dos portugueses de exceção. Dessa forma, uma das principais atrações do Panteão Nacional é sua cripta, onde estão enterrados alguns dos mais importantes personalidades de Portugal, incluindo escritores, artistas, cientistas e políticos. É certamente uma excelente oportunidade para conhecer a história e a cultura de Portugal.

Fachada principal do Panteão Nacional
Fachada principal do Panteão Nacional

Características

A fachada principal da igreja concilia exemplarmente a novidade do barroco italiano com a prática arquitetónica mais notável e significativa de Portugal. No escudo nacional que encima o riquíssimo portal central, encontramos explícito o carácter nacional da igreja que esteve presente tanto na fundação da primeira paróquia como depois na reconstrução do templo pela Irmandade.

A dinâmica das formas do monumento integra-se numa privilegiada implantação sobre uma das colinas da cidade voltada ao rio. O templo destaca-se no panorama de Lisboa como um grande baluarte. Por fim, o seu terraço oferece aos visitantes uma vista deslumbrante da capital e do Tejo.

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